Our sense of taste and smell plays a vital role in how we experience the world, enhancing enjoyment of food, alerting us to danger (like smoke or spoiled food), and supporting emotional well-being. When these senses are altered or lost, it can significantly affect daily life.
WHAT ARE TASTE AND SMELL DISORDERS?
Taste and smell disorders refer to conditions where these senses are reduced (hyposmia or hypogeusia), distorted (parosmia or dysgeusia), or completely absent (anosmia or ageusia). These conditions can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying cause.
CAUSES
1. INFECTIONS: Viral infections like COVID-19, the common cold, or sinusitis are leading causes.
2. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: Conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, or head trauma can disrupt sensory pathways.
3. MEDICATIONS: Some antibiotics, antihistamines, and chemotherapy drugs can alter taste and smell.
4. EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS: Smoking or exposure to certain industrial chemicals may damage olfactory receptors.
5. NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES: Deficiency in zinc or vitamin B12 has been linked to taste/smell dysfunction.
SYMPTOMS
– Reduced or absent ability to taste or smell
– Distorted flavors or odors (e.g., food tasting metallic or smelling rotten)
– Loss of appetite or weight
– Emotional impact such as depression or anxiety
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis may include:
– Physical examination (ENT check)
– Smell identification tests
– Taste threshold tests
– Neurological evaluation
– Blood tests to rule out deficiencies or infections
TREATMENT
– TREAT THE UNDERLYING CAUSE: Managing sinus infections, adjusting medications, or supplementing deficiencies.
– SMELL TRAINING: Repeated exposure to specific scents can help retrain the olfactory system.
– NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT: Encouraging nutrient-dense foods and appetite-enhancing strategies.
– PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT: Therapy may be needed for those with long-term loss affecting mental health.
Though often overlooked, taste and smell disorders can severely impact quality of life. Early evaluation and appropriate management are key. If you or someone you know experiences persistent sensory changes, consult a healthcare professional.
BY- Adenola Eniola.