An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and begins to grow outside the main cavity of the uterus, most commonly in one of the fallopian tubes. This condition is a medical emergency and requires prompt attention, as it can pose serious health risks to the mother.

WHAT CAUSES ECTOPIC PREGNANCY?

Normally, a fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus. In ectopic pregnancy, something interferes with this process. Common causes include:

– Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

– Previous ectopic pregnancy

– Surgery on fallopian tubes

– Fertility treatments

– Smoking, which affects tubal function

EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Symptoms typically appear between the 4th and 12th week of pregnancy. They may include:

– Sharp, stabbing pain in the abdomen or pelvis (often on one side)

– Vaginal bleeding or spotting

– Shoulder tip pain (from internal bleeding irritating the diaphragm)

– Weakness, dizziness, or fainting (a sign of internal bleeding)

WHY IT’S DANGEROUS

Because the fallopian tube cannot support a growing embryo, it may rupture, leading to internal bleeding, shock, and even death if not treated urgently. Ectopic pregnancies are not viable and cannot result in a live birth.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 

Diagnosis involves a combination of:

– Pelvic examination

– Ultrasound

– Blood tests to measure hCG (pregnancy hormone) levels

TREATMENT OPTIONS INCLUDE:

– MEDICATION (METHOTREXATE): Stops cell growth and allows the body to absorb the tissue.

– SURGERY: Laparoscopic surgery may be needed to remove the ectopic tissue or the damaged fallopian tube.

EMOTIONAL IMPACT AND RECOVERY 

An ectopic pregnancy can be emotionally challenging. Women may experience grief, fear, or anxiety about future fertility. Counseling and emotional support are vital parts of recovery.

PREVENTION AND FUTURE PREGNANCY

While not all ectopic pregnancies can be prevented, addressing risk factors, like treating infections and quitting smoking, can help. Many women go on to have healthy pregnancies afterward with proper medical care.

Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition but treatable when caught early. Awareness of symptoms and prompt medical care can save lives and preserve fertility.

By: Adenola Eniola.